Three separate healthcare providers within the Western District of Texas have agreed to pay a collective $1,056,340.50 to resolve liability under the False Claims Act for the alleged improper billing of electro-acupuncture devices. These providers — Ledger Foot & Ankle, PA of Harker Heights, Superior Physical Medicine of Round Rock and Precision Spine and Pain Management of San Antonio — billed Medicare and/or TRICARE for the implantation of neuro-stimulators, a surgical procedure that usually requires an operating room and is reimbursable by federal healthcare programs. In these matters, the procedure billed actually involved a non-surgical, non-invasive application of the devices that is non-reimbursable by federal healthcare programs.